Artificial intelligence at the service of mankind and technology

Today, artificial intelligence is ubiquitous, and various sectors and technologies utilize it for numerous purposes: medical, research, environmental, photography, etc. Here's a brief overview of the applications of artificial intelligence by domain.

What is artificial intelligence?

It represents “the collection of theories and techniques applied to create machines capable of simulating human intelligence” (Wikipedia).

Discussing Artificial Intelligence typically involves Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and also Reinforcement Learning.

A. Machine Learning (or weak AI) depends on human-guided learning. It equips AI to conclude results about objects or scenarios after a structured learning period. Commonly implemented in businesses, this form of AI is crucial for the automation of repeated operations.

B. Deep Learning, a branch of Machine Learning, harnesses complex artificial neural networks. This AI category is extensively used in scientific research and is adept at analyzing large volumes of data with exceptional accuracy.

C. Reinforcement Learning is founded on the concept of an agent traversing an environment, executing actions, and earning rewards in response. This process of learning through trial and error is instrumental in developing intricate behaviors.

For an instance of reinforcement learning, see this case: https://www.sciencealert.com/this-robot-leg-learned-to-walk-all-by-itself-without-any-programming

Three specific learning types are also categorized:

A. “Supervised: The data is labeled and algorithms learn to predict outcomes based on the given input data.

B. Unsupervised: The data isn't completely labeled and algorithms deduce the intrinsic structure within the input data. [Its result is not fully predictable, yet its reduced reliance on human resources offers an upper hand concerning swift technological advancement, considering its “intelligence.”]

C. Semi-supervised: Only some data is labeled, with the remainder left unlabeled, allowing for a combination of supervised and unsupervised methods.” (source machinelearningmastery.com) – https://machinelearningmastery.com/supervised-and-unsupervised-machine-learning-algorithms/[/vc_column_text]

Examples of Artificial Intelligence Applications

According to a report by Narrative Science, nearly 38% of enterprises leveraged AI in 2016; by 2018, this figure has surged beyond 70%.

In the myriad implementations of artificial intelligence across industries, notable examples include:

• The medical field: AI-powered robots are capable of making diagnoses independently, aiding the elderly or ill, and detecting certain cancers more swiftly than human-only approaches. Intrigued to experience Babylon, the ‘robotic doctor’? Explore it here: https://www.babylonhealth.com/ask-babylon-chat

• The conservation of animal species:

A. AI’s counter-poaching efforts: in collaboration with Intel, TrailGuard AI by NGO Resolve will be deployed initially in African reserves, then extended to Asia and South America, to identify poachers before they can act and alert park rangers. For additional details on TrailGuard: https://www.numerama.com/tech/452516-ces-cameras-melent-ia-et-reconnaissance-de-formes-pour-lutter-contre-les-braconniers.html

B. Utilizing AI to enumerate animals within a species, courtesy of NVIDIA (source NVIDIA).

• Supporting individuals via digital assistants like Google Home, Amazon Alexa, etc.: Users can interact with an ecosystem of 'intelligent' and/or networked products, eliminating the need for hands-on searching or operations, as these assistants execute or delegate tasks on the user’s behalf.

• Securing online community platforms: Google, for example, has integrated AI tools within its YouTube platform to detect and remove violent or extremist content.

• Copyright: For years now, through artificial intelligence, services like Amazon Web Services and YouTube have been able to automatically recognize visual and/or audio material in videos and alert creators about potential copyright infringements.

• Customized music streaming: Using machine learning informed by users' music listening habits, most music streaming apps can tailor playlists to individual user preferences.

• The environmental transition, especially in agriculture: AI “enables the rationalization of farms, optimization of yields, and contributes to the diminishment or removal of insecticides and chemical inputs by detecting pest proliferations early. It also aids in more accurately gauging and forecasting ecological disasters to preempt them and mitigate potential damage.” ActuIA.com – https://www.actuia.com/domaine/environnement/

• (source NVIDIA)

“Employing intelligence to improve the world” is the mission statement of DeepMind, the artificial intelligence entity developed by Google. Nevertheless, artificial intelligence’s goals are not always altruistic...

The Dark Side of Artificial Intelligence

The deployment of artificial intelligence is occasionally controversial for ethical reasons, particularly given its vast potential...

Among these ethical issues, we can highlight:

• The debate over machine substitution for human labor, prompting questions about whether this signifies evolution and adaptation or sometimes merely a push for profitability at the expense of human employment.

• The analysis of personality and privacy for enriching Big Data, offering companies that use it unparalleled marketing power.

• The impact of AI mistakes, or alternatively, deliberately skewed learning for malevolent purposes: MIT students have engineered a 'psychopathic' AI named Norman through a 'negative' learning process (utilizing a dataset of exclusively violent and morbid images sourced from Reddit). To learn more about Norman or assist in its recalibration: http://norman-ai.mit.edu/#inkblot

• Automated decision-making, or decisions made without human involvement that may pose a risk, especially if applied in the military arena.

• Malign exploitation of personal data through intelligent means.

• The compromise of learning datasets for nefarious objectives: for instance, confusing the artificial intelligence of autonomous vehicles to render them hazardous when operational.

(source Keen Security Lab)

• The independent creation of texts and articles for media use: https://www.lesechos.fr/21/11/2018/lesechos.fr/0600180558102_l-intelligence-artificielle-s-invite-dans-les-medias.htm

• Its application in the military sector, particularly regarding the dispatch of intelligent robots and decision-making without human intervention.

Over 1,000 business leaders, such as Elon Musk, and renowned scientists including Stephen Hawking, signed an open letter in 2015 to call for a total ban on the usage of AI in weaponry. For more details about this letter: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/27/musk-wozniak-hawking-ban-ai-autonomous-weapons or to peruse the letter: https://futureoflife.org/ai-open-letter/?cn-reloaded=1

In our subsequent article, we’ll delve deeper into AI’s role in the realms of photography, video, and timelapse. If you found this piece informative, feel free to disseminate it.

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